Technical, cost and profit efficiency: a micro-level study
Production efficiency is usually assumed in microeconomic theory. In particular, a single production function is supposed to exist for all producers in the industry. Output may be random due to variation in the levels of uncontrollable inputs (e.g. weather in agricultural production; power failures in industry); however expected value of output is identical for decision-makers using the same input bundle. Further, in general it is assumed that producers equate marginal rates of transformation (either factor-factor, factor-product or product-product) to relevant price ratios.